Any reliance on oral temperature in an emergency, such as exertional heat stroke, might grossly underestimate temperature and delay proper diagnosis and treatment. Oral temperature cannot accurately reflect core body temperature, probably because it is influenced by factors such as ambient air temperature, probe placement, and ingestion of fluids. They cannot hold a thermometer safely in their mouth. When Does Your Baby Have a Fever Average body temperature is around 98.6° F (37.0° C) A fever is an elevated body temperature with these readings: Rectal, Forehead or Ear temperature: 100.4° F (38.0° C) or higher Under the arm (armpit) temperature: 99° F (37. Rectum: This method is for infants and small children. Leave the thermometer in the mouth for 3 minutes or until the device beeps. Use the lips to hold the thermometer tightly in place. In addition, the differences were greatest at the highest rectal temperatures. Mouth: Place the probe under the tongue and close the mouth. The difference was -0.50☌ ± 0.31☌ at rest and -0.58☌ ± 0.75☌ during a nonsteady state.Įvidence suggests that, regardless of whether the assessment is recorded at rest or during periods of changing core temperature, oral temperature is an unsuitable diagnostic tool for determining body temperature because many measures demonstrated differences greater than the predetermined validity threshold of 0.27☌ (0.5☏). The measured temperature varies depending on where the body temperature is measured (oral cavity, rectum tympanic membrane, axilla, ear, temporal artery, central line, bladder) and the device used to measure the temperature (oral thermometer, temperature-sensitive crystal, thermal scanner, thermistor on pulmonary artery catheter, etc.) ( Figure. A critical review of these studies indicated a disparity between oral and criterion standard temperature methods (eg, rectal and esophageal) specifically as the temperature increased. All 16 were included in the review because they met the minimal PEDro score of 4 points (of 10 possible points), with all but 2 scoring 5 points. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and subsequently were evaluated by 2 independent reviewers. Original research was reviewed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). The search was limited to articles focusing on temperature readings and studies involving human participants. Controlled vocabulary was used, when available, as well as key words and variations of those key words. In July 2010, we searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, and the Cochrane Library for the following concepts: core body temperature, oral, and thermometers. To critically evaluate original research addressing the validity of using oral temperature as a measurement of core body temperature during periods of rest and changing core temperature. However, many clinicians, including athletic trainers, use it rather than criterion standard methods, such as rectal thermometry. Oral temperature might not be a valid method to assess core body temperature.
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